The radiation frequencies in all these categories of electromagnetic output range from a few thousand Hertz in the radio spectrum to 10^ 21 Hertz in the gamma ray spectrum.Įnergies range proportionally from a harmless billionth of a volt to a trillion electron volts at the highest frequencies. The energy imparted to target tissues rises linearly with the radiation frequency, and the more photons that arrive per second from any source, measured as flux, the greater the potential for damage. This energy, when photons collide with atoms and molecules of living systems can cause serious damage or death. Enormous levels of kinetic energy can be transferred through microscopic to cosmic distances by photons that travel at the speed of light, carrying a relativistic mass/energy. The transfer of energy throughout the entire electromagnetic spectrum involves the interaction between the magnetic and electric fields described by Maxwell in 1873.
This familiar expression has much more of a role in our lives than just the devastating reality of the atom bomb. In our daily activities we often forget how completely we are, even in our bodily composition, linked to cosmic energy and matter, and how our biologic future hangs on the stability of a few physical constants in our biosphere, and probably, as individuals, our lifetime atomic particle and photon exposure.Į=Mc^ 2. Ever since the generation of radio waves in a laboratory experiment by Hertz in 1888, in which he related the radio waves to light, the effects on biologic systems of the entire range of electromagnetic radiation have been of intense research interest.
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